1.**Distance**: Distance is the total length of the path traveled by an object, regardless of direction. It's a scalar quantity and doesn't consider direction.
2. **Displacement**: It refers to the change in position of an object, typically measured in a straight line from the initial position to the final position. It has both magnitude (how far an object has moved) and direction.
3. **Velocity**: Velocity is the rate of change of displacement. It's a vector quantity, meaning it has both magnitude (speed) and direction. Mathematically, velocity is expressed as the change in displacement divided by the time taken.
4. **Acceleration**: Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity. Like velocity, it's also a vector quantity and can be positive (speeding up), negative (slowing down), or changing direction. Acceleration can be calculated by dividing the change in velocity by the time taken.
5. **Force**: Force is a push or pull that can cause an object with mass to change its velocity (accelerate). It's also a vector quantity, meaning it has both magnitude and direction. The standard unit of force is the Newton (N). According to Newton's second law of motion, force equals mass times acceleration (F = ma).
Sure, here are explanations for each term:
6. **Linear Momentum**: Linear momentum is a measure of the motion of an object. It is defined as the product of an object's mass and its velocity. Mathematically, linear momentum (p) is expressed as ( p = mv ), where m is the mass of the object and v is its velocity. Like velocity, linear momentum is a vector quantity, meaning it has both magnitude and direction. According to the principle of conservation of momentum, the total momentum of a closed system remains constant if no external forces act on it.
7. **Kinetic Energy**: Kinetic energy is the energy possessed by an object due to its motion. It depends on the mass of the object and its velocity. Mathematically, kinetic energy (KE) is expressed as ( KE = 1/2mv^2 ), where m is the mass of the object and v is its velocity. Kinetic energy is a scalar quantity and is always non-negative.
8. **Potential Energy**: Potential energy is the energy possessed by an object due to its position or configuration. It depends on the position of an object within a force field or a configuration of interacting objects. There are different types of potential energy, such as gravitational potential energy, elastic potential energy, and electric potential energy. Gravitational potential energy (PE) near the surface of the Earth is commonly expressed as ( PE = mgh ), where m is the mass of the object, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and h is the height above a reference point. Potential energy is also a scalar quantity.
